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- Generate A Public Key From A Private Key Python Download
- Python Generate Public Key From Private Key Bitcoin
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How to generate SSH key pairs with Python. Ask Question Asked 10 years ago. Is there any way to generate public SSH key from private one using Python? @miigotu 'youthinks' wrong. E should be chosen so that e and λ(n) are coprime. It is not chosen at random, and since it is usually small for computation reasons, and included in the public key, it can always be known by an attacker anyway. Jul 16, 2018 We’ll use this private key throughout the article to derive both a public key and the address for the Bitcoin wallet. What we want to do is to apply a series of conversions to the private key to get a public key and then a wallet address. Most of these conversions are called hash functions. Feb 19, 2020 Bitcoin-Keys-Generator. Python module that generates private key, public key and wallet address from number. Python generators 123. Without any argument, script is converting number 1 by default.
| CkPython example code showing how to generate an RSA public/private key.
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In the previous article, we looked at different methods to generate a private key. Whatever method you choose, you’ll end up with 32 bytes of data. Here’s the one that we got at the end of that article:
60cf347dbc59d31c1358c8e5cf5e45b822ab85b79cb32a9f3d98184779a9efc2
We’ll use this private key throughout the article to derive both a public key and the address for the Bitcoin wallet.
What we want to do is to apply a series of conversions to the private key to get a public key and then a wallet address. Most of these conversions are called hash functions. These hash functions are one-way conversions that can’t be reversed. We won’t go to the mechanics of the functions themselves — there are plenty of great articles that cover that. Instead, we will look at how using these functions in the correct order can lead you to the Bitcoin wallet address that you can use.
Elliptic Curve Cryptography
The first thing we need to do is to apply the ECDSA or Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm to our private key. An elliptic curve is a curve defined by the equation
y² = x³ + ax + b
with a chosen a
and b
. There is a whole family of such curves that are widely known and used. Bitcoin uses the secp256k1 curve. If you want to learn more about Elliptic Curve Cryptography, I’ll refer you to this article.By applying the ECDSA to the private key, we get a 64-byte integer. This consists of two 32-byte integers that represent the X and Y of the point on the elliptic curve, concatenated together.
For our example, we got:
1e7bcc70c72770dbb72fea022e8a6d07f814d2ebe4de9ae3f7af75bf706902a7b73ff919898c836396a6b0c96812c3213b99372050853bd1678da0ead14487d7
.In Python, it would look like this:
Note: as you can see from the code, before I used a method from the
ecdsa
module, I decoded the private key using codecs
. This is relevant more to the Python and less to the algorithm itself, but I will explain what are we doing here to remove possible confusion.In Python, there are at least two classes that can keep the private and public keys: “str” and “bytes”. The first is a string and the second is a byte array. Cryptographic methods in Python work with a “bytes” class, taking it as input and returning it as the result.
Now, there’s a little catch: a string, say,
4f3c
does not equal the byte array 4f3c
, it equals the byte array with two elements, O&
lt;. And that’s what codecs.dec
ode method does: it converts a string into a byte array. That will be the same for all cryptographic manipulations that we’ll do in this article.Public key
Once we’re done with the ECDSA, all we need to do is to add the bytes
0x04
at the start of our public key. The result is a Bitcoin full public key, which is equal to: 041e7bcc70c72770dbb72fea022e8a6d07f814d2ebe4de9ae3f7af75bf706902a7b73ff919898c836396a6b0c96812c3213b99372050853bd1678da0ead14487d7
for us.Compressed public key
But we can do better. As you might remember, the public key is some point (X, Y) on the curve. We know the curve, and for each X there are only two Ys that define the point which lies on that curve. So why keep Y? Instead, let’s keep X and the sign of Y. Later, we can derive Y from that if needed.
The specifics are as follows: we take X from the ECDSA public key. Now, we add the
0x02
if the last byte of Y is even, and the byte 0x03
if the last byte is odd.In our case, the last byte is odd, so we add
0x03
to get the compressed public key: 031e7bcc70c72770dbb72fea022e8a6d07f814d2ebe4de9ae3f7af75bf706902a7
. This key contains the same information, but it’s almost twice as short as the uncompressed key. Cool!Previously, wallet software used long, full versions of public keys, but now most of it has switched to compressed keys.
Encrypting the public key
From now on, we need to make a wallet address. Whatever method of getting the public key you choose, it goes through the same procedure. Obviously, the addresses will differ. In this article, we will go with the compressed version.
![Generate public key from private key Generate public key from private key](/uploads/1/2/5/8/125876606/222893893.jpg)
What we need to do here is to apply SHA-256 to the public key, and then apply RIPEMD-160 to the result. The order is important.
Generate A Public Key From A Private Key Python Download
SHA-256 and RIPEMD-160 are two hash functions, and again, we won’t go into the details of how they work. What matters is that now we have 160-bit integer, which will be used for further modifications. Let’s call that an encrypted public key. For our example, the encrypted public key is
453233600a96384bb8d73d400984117ac84d7e8b
.Here’s how we encrypt the public key in Python:
Adding the network byte
The Bitcoin has two networks, main and test. The main network is the network that all people use to transfer the coins. The test network was created — you guessed it — to test new features and software.
![Generate a public key from a private key python server Generate a public key from a private key python server](/uploads/1/2/5/8/125876606/931828275.png)
We want to generate an address to use it on the mainnet, so we need to add
0x00
bytes to the encrypted public key. The result is 00453233600a96384bb8d73d400984117ac84d7e8b
. For the testnet, that would be 0x6f
bytes.Checksum
Now we need to calculate the checksum of our mainnet key. The idea of checksum is to make sure that the data (in our case, the key) wasn’t corrupted during transmission. The wallet software should look at the checksum and mark the address as invalid if the checksum mismatches.
To calculate the checksum of the key, we need to apply SHA-256 twice and then take first 4 bytes of the result. For our example, the double SHA-256 is
512f43c48517a75e58a7ec4c554ecd1a8f9603c891b46325006abf39c5c6b995
and therefore the checksum is 512f43c4
(note that 4 bytes is 8 hex digits).The code to calculate an address checksum is the following:
Getting the address
Python Generate Public Key From Private Key Bitcoin
Finally, to make an address, we just concatenate the mainnet key and the checksum. That makes it
00453233600a96384bb8d73d400984117ac84d7e8b512f43c4
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That’s it! That’s the wallet address for the private key at the start of the article.
But you may notice that something is off. You’ve probably seen a handful of Bitcoin addresses and they didn’t look like that. Well, the reason is that they are encoded with Base58. It’s a little bit odd.
Here’s the algorithm to convert a hex address to the Base58 address:
What we get is
17JsmEygbbEUEpvt4PFtYaTeSqfb9ki1F1
, a compressed Bitcoin wallet address.Conclusion
The wallet key generation process can be split into four steps:
- creating a public key with ECDSA
- encrypting the key with SHA-256 and RIPEMD-160
- calculating the checksum with double SHA-256
- encoding the key with Base58.
Depending on the form of public key (full or compressed), we get different addresses, but both are perfectly valid.
Here’s the full algorithm for the uncompressed public key:
If you want to play with the code, I published it to the Github repository.
I am making a course on cryptocurrencies here on freeCodeCamp News. The first part is a detailed description of the blockchain.
I also post random thoughts about crypto on Twitter, so you might want to check it out.